DLEGOS CLIMATE PHYSICS
← THESIS IN PAPERS

SHARED THESIS BIBLIOGRAPHY

References and source-access register

Adrian Dunkley · Climate Studies Group Mona · The University of the West Indies

16 October 2026 · Working manuscript · Not peer reviewed or submitted to arXiv

This edition retains 211 numbered bibliography entries and the complete 275-record doctoral source register. These counts include inherited or incompletely appraised material. They do not mean every record is a verified primary paper. The manuscript citations identify which entries support each argument. Duplicate candidates and provisional identities remain visible in the register.

Search scope: the recovered review and register, supplemented by targeted primary-source checks on conservation, decomposition, assimilation and 2026 generative models. Publication cutoff: 11 October 2026; search run: 16 October 2026. This is a critical thematic synthesis, not an exhaustive systematic review. No “first-ever” claim is made.

Bibliography CSV · Bibliography JSON · Complete source register
  1. [R001] Addison, H.; Kendon, E.; Ravuri, S.; Aitchison, L.; Watson, P. A. (2024). Machine learning emulation of precipitation from km-scale UK regional climate simulations using a diffusion model. arXiv:2407.14158v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  2. [R002] Afshari, A.; Vogel, J.; Chockalingam, G. (2023). Statistical Downscaling of SEVIRI Land Surface Temperature to WRF Near-Surface Air Temperature Using a Deep Learning Model. Remote Sensing, 15(18), 4447. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  3. [R003] Agrawal, S.; Hassen, M. A.; Brempong, E. A.; Babenko, B.; Zyda, F.; Graham, O.; Li, D.; Merchant, S.; Potes, S. H.; Russell, T.; Cheresnick, D.; Kakkirala, A. P.; Rasp, S.; Hassidim, A.; Matias, Y.; Kalchbrenner, N.; Gupta, P.; Hickey, J.; Bell, A. (2025). An Operational Deep Learning System for Satellite-Based High-Resolution Global Nowcasting. arXiv:2510.13050v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  4. [R004] Aich, M.; Hess, P.; Pan, B.; Bathiany, S.; Huang, Y.; Boers, N. (2024). Conditional diffusion models for downscaling and bias correction of Earth system model precipitation. arXiv:2404.14416v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  5. [R005] Alet, F.; Price, I.; El-Kadi, A.; Masters, D.; Markou, S.; Andersson, T. R.; Stott, J.; Lam, R.; Willson, M.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, A.; Battaglia, P. (2025). Skillful joint probabilistic weather forecasting from marginals. arXiv:2506.10772v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  6. [R006] Allen, A.; Markou, S.; Tebbutt, W.; Requeima, J.; Bruinsma, W. P.; Andersson, T. R.; Herzog, M.; Lane, N. D.; Chantry, M.; Hosking, J. S.; Turner, R. E. (2025). End-to-end data-driven weather prediction. Nature, 641(8065), 1172-1179. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  7. [R007] Andrychowicz, M.; Espeholt, L.; Li, D.; Merchant, S.; Merose, A.; Zyda, F.; Agrawal, S.; Kalchbrenner, N. (2023). Deep Learning for Day Forecasts from Sparse Observations. arXiv:2306.06079v3 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  8. [R008] Avalon Cullen, C.; Al Suhili, R. (2023). Assessing Rainfall Variability in Jamaica Using CHIRPS: Techniques and Measures for Persistence, Long and Short-Term Trends. Geographies, 3(2), 375-397. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  9. [R009] Balaguru, K.; Foltz, G. R.; Leung, L. R. (2018). Increasing Magnitude of Hurricane Rapid Intensification in the Central and Eastern Tropical Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(9), 4238-4247. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  10. [R010] Baño-Medina, J.; Manzanas, R.; Gutiérrez, J. M. (2020). Configuration and intercomparison of deep learning neural models for statistical downscaling. Geoscientific Model Development, 13(4), 2109-2124. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  11. [R011] Baño-Medina, J.; Iturbide, M.; Fernández, J.; Gutiérrez, J. M. (2024). Transferability and Explainability of Deep Learning Emulators for Regional Climate Model Projections: Perspectives for Future Applications. Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems, 3(4). Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  12. [R012] Bi, K.; Xie, L.; Zhang, H.; Chen, X.; Gu, X.; Tian, Q. (2023). Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks. Nature, 619(7970), 533-538. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  13. [R013] Bocquet, M.; Sakov, P. (2013). Joint state and parameter estimation with an iterative ensemble Kalman smoother. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 20(5), 803-818. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  14. [R014] Bodnar, C.; Bruinsma, W. P.; Lucic, A.; Stanley, M.; Allen, A.; Brandstetter, J.; Garvan, P.; Riechert, M.; Weyn, J. A.; Dong, H.; Gupta, J. K.; Thambiratnam, K.; Archibald, A. T.; Wu, C. C.; Heider, E.; Welling, M.; Turner, R. E.; Perdikaris, P. (2025). A foundation model for the Earth system. Nature, 641(8065), 1180-1187. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  15. [R015] Brown, C. F.; Kazmierski, M. R.; Pasquarella, V. J.; Rucklidge, W. J.; Samsikova, M.; Zhang, C.; Shelhamer, E.; Lahera, E.; Wiles, O.; Ilyushchenko, S.; Gorelick, N.; Zhang, L. L.; Alj, S.; Schechter, E.; Askay, S.; Guinan, O.; Moore, R.; Boukouvalas, A.; Kohli, P. (2025). AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data. arXiv:2507.22291v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  16. [R016] Campbell, J. D.; Taylor, M. A.; Stephenson, T. S.; Watson, R. A.; Whyte, F. S. (2011). Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model. International Journal of Climatology, 31(12), 1866-1878. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  17. [R017] Campbell, J. D.; Taylor, M. A.; Bezanilla-Morlot, A.; Stephenson, T. S.; Centella-Artola, A.; Clarke, L. A.; Stephenson, K. A. (2021). Generating Projections for the Caribbean at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 °C from a High-Resolution Ensemble. Atmosphere, 12(3), 328. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  18. [R018] Centella, A.; Bezanilla, A.; Leslie, K. R. (2008). A Study of the Uncertainty in Future Caribbean Climate Using the PRECIS Regional Climate Model. Technical report, Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  19. [R019] Centella-Artola, A.; Taylor, M. A.; Bezanilla-Morlot, A.; Martinez-Castro, D.; Campbell, J. D.; Stephenson, T. S.; Vichot, A. (2015). Assessing the effect of domain size over the Caribbean region using the PRECIS regional climate model. Climate Dynamics, 44(7-8), 1901-1918. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  20. [R020] Centella-Artola, A.; Bezanilla-Morlot, A.; Taylor, M. A.; Herrera, D. A.; Martinez-Castro, D.; Gouirand, I.; Sierra-Lorenzo, M.; Vichot-Llano, A.; Stephenson, T.; Fonseca, C.; Campbell, J.; Alpizar, M. (2020). Evaluation of Sixteen Gridded Precipitation Datasets over the Caribbean Region Using Gauge Observations. Atmosphere, 11(12), 1334. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  21. [R021] Chen, L.; Zhong, X.; Zhang, F.; Cheng, Y.; Xu, Y.; Qi, Y.; Li, H. (2023). FuXi: a cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 6(1), 190. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  22. [R022] Clarke, L. A.; Jones, J. J.; Taylor, M. A.; Williams, M. S. M.; Edwards, T.; Stephenson, T. S. (2026). Breaking the link: warming disrupts early-season rainfall predictability in the Caribbean. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 9(1), 52. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  23. [R023] Das, P.; Posch, A.; Barber, N.; Hicks, M.; Duffy, K.; Vandal, T.; Singh, D.; Werkhoven, K. v.; Ganguly, A. R. (2024). Hybrid physics-AI outperforms numerical weather prediction for extreme precipitation nowcasting. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 7(1), 282. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  24. [R024] Dheeshjith, S.; Subel, A.; Adcroft, A.; Busecke, J.; Fernandez-Granda, C.; Gupta, S.; Zanna, L. (2024). Samudra: An AI Global Ocean Emulator for Climate. arXiv:2412.03795v4 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  25. [R025] Dolean, V.; Heinlein, A.; Mishra, S.; Moseley, B. (2022). Finite basis physics-informed neural networks as a Schwarz domain decomposition method. arXiv:2211.05560v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  26. [R026] Dolean, V.; Heinlein, A.; Mishra, S.; Moseley, B. (2024). Multilevel domain decomposition-based architectures for physics-informed neural networks. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 429, 117116. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  27. [R027] Doury, A.; Somot, S.; Gadat, S.; Ribes, A.; Corre, L. (2023). Regional climate model emulator based on deep learning: concept and first evaluation of a novel hybrid downscaling approach. Climate Dynamics, 60(5-6), 1751-1779. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  28. [R028] Du, J.; Sadeghi Tabas, S.; Wang, J.; Levit, J. (2025). Understanding Similarities and Differences Between Data-Driven AI Model-Based and Physics Model-Based Ensemble Forecasts. NCEP Office Note 523, NOAA. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  29. [R029] Dullaart, J. C. M.; de Vries, H.; Bloemendaal, N.; Aerts, J. C. J. H.; Muis, S. (2024). Improving our understanding of future tropical cyclone intensities in the Caribbean using a high-resolution regional climate model. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 6108. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  30. [R030] Duncan, J. P. C.; Wu, E.; Golaz, J. C.; Caldwell, P. M.; Watt‐Meyer, O.; Clark, S. K.; McGibbon, J.; Dresdner, G.; Kashinath, K.; Bonev, B.; Pritchard, M. S.; Bretherton, C. S. (2024). Application of the AI2 Climate Emulator to E3SMv2's Global Atmosphere Model, With a Focus on Precipitation Fidelity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation, 1(3), e2024JH000136. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  31. [R031] Duncan, J. P. C.; Wu, E.; Dheeshjith, S.; Subel, A.; Arcomano, T.; Clark, S. K.; Henn, B.; Kwa, A.; McGibbon, J.; Perkins, W. A.; Gregory, W.; Fernandez-Granda, C.; Busecke, J.; Watt-Meyer, O.; Hurlin, W. J.; Adcroft, A.; Zanna, L.; Bretherton, C. (2025). SamudrACE: Fast and Accurate Coupled Climate Modeling with 3D Ocean and Atmosphere Emulators. arXiv:2509.12490v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  32. [R032] Evensen, G. (2003). The Ensemble Kalman Filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation. Ocean Dynamics, 53(4), 343-367. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  33. [R033] Funk, C.; Peterson, P.; Landsfeld, M.; Pedreros, D.; Verdin, J.; Shukla, S.; Husak, G.; Rowland, J.; Harrison, L.; Hoell, A.; Michaelsen, J. (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—a new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific Data, 2(1), 150066. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  34. [R034] García-Franco, J. L.; Chadwick, R.; Gray, L. J.; Osprey, S.; Adams, D. K. (2023). Revisiting mechanisms of the Mesoamerican Midsummer drought. Climate Dynamics, 60(1-2), 549-569. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  35. [R035] Geer, A. J. (2021). Learning earth system models from observations: machine learning or data assimilation?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 379(2194), 20200089. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  36. [R036] Geer, A. J. (2022). Correction to ‘Learning earth system models from observations: machine learning or data assimilation?’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 380(2220), 20220004. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  37. [R037] Giannini, A.; Kushnir, Y.; Cane, M. A. (2000). Interannual Variability of Caribbean Rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate, 13(2), 297-311. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  38. [R038] Guan, H.; Arcomano, T.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Maulik, R. (2024). LUCIE: A Lightweight Uncoupled ClImate Emulator with long-term stability and physical consistency for O(1000)-member ensembles. arXiv:2405.16297v3 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  39. [R039] Gupta, A.; Sheshadri, A.; Roy, S.; Schmude, J.; Gaur, V.; Leong, W. J.; Maskey, M.; Ramachandran, R. (2025). Finetuning AI Foundation Models to Develop Subgrid-Scale Parameterizations: A Case Study on Atmospheric Gravity Waves. arXiv:2509.03816v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  40. [R040] Harder, P.; Hernandez-Garcia, A.; Ramesh, V.; Yang, Q.; Sattegeri, P.; Szwarcman, D.; Watson, C.; Rolnick, D. (2023). Hard-Constrained Deep Learning for Climate Downscaling. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 24(365), 1–40. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  41. [R041] Harris, L.; McRae, A. T. T.; Chantry, M.; Dueben, P. D.; Palmer, T. N. (2022). A Generative Deep Learning Approach to Stochastic Downscaling of Precipitation Forecasts. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 14(10), e2022MS003120. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  42. [R042] Hayatbini, N.; Kong, B.; Hsu, K. l.; Nguyen, P.; Sorooshian, S.; Stephens, G.; Fowlkes, C.; Nemani, R.; Ganguly, S. (2019). Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) for Near Real-Time Precipitation Estimation from Multispectral GOES-16 Satellite Imageries—PERSIANN-cGAN. Remote Sensing, 11(19), 2193. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  43. [R043] Hernanz, A.; Correa, C.; Sánchez‐Perrino, J. C.; Prieto‐Rico, I.; Rodríguez‐Guisado, E.; Domínguez, M.; Rodríguez‐Camino, E. (2024). On the limitations of deep learning for statistical downscaling of climate change projections: The transferability and the extrapolation issues. Atmospheric Science Letters, 25(2), e1195. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  44. [R044] Hersbach, H.; Bell, B.; Berrisford, P.; Hirahara, S.; Horányi, A.; Muñoz‐Sabater, J.; Nicolas, J.; Peubey, C.; Radu, R.; Schepers, D.; Simmons, A.; Soci, C.; Abdalla, S.; Abellan, X.; Balsamo, G.; Bechtold, P.; Biavati, G.; Bidlot, J.; Bonavita, M.; De Chiara, G.; Dahlgren, P.; Dee, D.; Diamantakis, M.; Dragani, R.; Flemming, J.; Forbes, R.; Fuentes, M.; Geer, A.; Haimberger, L.; Healy, S.; Hogan, R. J.; Hólm, E.; Janisková, M.; Keeley, S.; Laloyaux, P.; Lopez, P.; Lupu, C.; Radnoti, G.; de Rosnay, P.; Rozum, I.; Vamborg, F.; Villaume, S.; Thépaut, J. N. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730), 1999-2049. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  45. [R045] Hibbert, K.; Glenn, E.; Smith, T. M.; González-Cruz, J. E. (2023). Changes to Sea Surface Temperatures and Vertical Wind Shear and Their Influence on Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Caribbean and the Main Developing Region. Atmosphere, 14(6), 999. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  46. [R046] Holden, P. B.; Edwards, N. R.; Garthwaite, P. H.; Wilkinson, R. D. (2015). Emulation and interpretation of high-dimensional climate model outputs. Journal of Applied Statistics, 42(9), 2038-2055. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  47. [R047] Jury, M. (2020). Resolution-Dependent Perspectives on Caribbean Hydro-Climate Change. Hydrology, 7(4), 93. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  48. [R048] Klocke, D.; Frauen, C.; Engels, J. F.; Alexeev, D.; Redler, R.; Schnur, R.; Haak, H.; Kornblueh, L.; Brüggemann, N.; Chegini, F.; Römmer, M.; Hoffmann, L.; Griessbach, S.; Bode, M.; Coles, J.; Gila, M.; Sawyer, W.; Calotoiu, A.; Budanaz, Y.; Mazumder, P.; Copik, M.; Weber, B.; Herten, A.; Bockelmann, H.; Hoefler, T.; Hohenegger, C.; Stevens, B. (2025). Computing the Full Earth System at 1 km Resolution. arXiv:2511.02021v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  49. [R049] Kochkov, D.; Yuval, J.; Langmore, I.; Norgaard, P.; Smith, J.; Mooers, G.; Klöwer, M.; Lottes, J.; Rasp, S.; Düben, P.; Hatfield, S.; Battaglia, P.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, A.; Willson, M.; Brenner, M. P.; Hoyer, S. (2024). Neural general circulation models for weather and climate. Nature, 632(8027), 1060-1066. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  50. [R050] Krishnapriyan, A. S.; Gholami, A.; Zhe, S.; Kirby, R. M.; Mahoney, M. W. (2021). Characterizing possible failure modes in physics-informed neural networks. arXiv:2109.01050v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  51. [R051] Lam, R.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, A.; Willson, M.; Wirnsberger, P.; Fortunato, M.; Alet, F.; Ravuri, S.; Ewalds, T.; Eaton-Rosen, Z.; Hu, W.; Merose, A.; Hoyer, S.; Holland, G.; Vinyals, O.; Stott, J.; Pritzel, A.; Mohamed, S.; Battaglia, P. (2023). Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting. Science, 382(6677), 1416-1421. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  52. [R052] Lang, S.; Alexe, M.; Chantry, M.; Dramsch, J.; Pinault, F.; Raoult, B.; Clare, M. C. A.; Lessig, C.; Maier-Gerber, M.; Magnusson, L.; Bouallègue, Z. B.; Nemesio, A. P.; Dueben, P. D.; Brown, A.; Pappenberger, F.; Rabier, F. (2024). AIFS -- ECMWF's data-driven forecasting system. arXiv:2406.01465v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  53. [R053] Leinonen, J.; Nerini, D.; Berne, A. (2020). Stochastic Super-Resolution for Downscaling Time-Evolving Atmospheric Fields with a Generative Adversarial Network. arXiv:2005.10374v4 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  54. [R054] Li, Z.; Zheng, H.; Kovachki, N.; Jin, D.; Chen, H.; Liu, B.; Azizzadenesheli, K.; Anandkumar, A. (2021). Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Learning Partial Differential Equations. arXiv:2111.03794v4 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  55. [R055] Lopez-Gomez, I.; Wan, Z. Y.; Zepeda-Núñez, L.; Schneider, T.; Anderson, J.; Sha, F. (2025). Dynamical-generative downscaling of climate model ensembles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(17), e2420288122. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  56. [R056] MacMartin, D. G.; Kravitz, B. (2016). Dynamic climate emulators for solar geoengineering. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(24), 15789-15799. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  57. [R057] Magaña, V.; Amador, J. A.; Medina, S. (1999). The Midsummer Drought over Mexico and Central America. Journal of Climate, 12(6), 1577-1588. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  58. [R058] Maitland, D. O.; Richter, K.; Raj, R. P.; Bonaduce, A.; Nisancioglu, K. H.; Taylor, M. A.; Stephenson, T. S. (2024). Determining sea-level rise in the Caribbean: A shift from temperature to mass control. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 10387. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  59. [R059] Martínez-Castro, D.; Vichot-Llano, A.; Bezanilla-Morlot, A.; Centella-Artola, A.; Campbell, J.; Viloria-Holguin, C. (2016). Performance of RegCM-4.3 over the Caribbean region using different configurations of the Tiedtke convective parameterization scheme. Revista de Climatología, 16, 77–98. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  60. [R060] Moseley, B.; Markham, A.; Nissen-Meyer, T. (2023). Finite basis physics-informed neural networks (FBPINNs): a scalable domain decomposition approach for solving differential equations. Advances in Computational Mathematics, 49(4), 62. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  61. [R061] Muñoz, E.; Busalacchi, A. J.; Nigam, S.; Ruiz-Barradas, A. (2008). Winter and Summer Structure of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet. Journal of Climate, 21(6), 1260-1276. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  62. [R062] Pathak, J.; Subramanian, S.; Harrington, P.; Raja, S.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Mardani, M.; Kurth, T.; Hall, D.; Li, Z.; Azizzadenesheli, K.; Hassanzadeh, P.; Kashinath, K.; Anandkumar, A. (2022). FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators. arXiv:2202.11214v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  63. [R063] Rahimi, R.; Vahedizadeh, S.; Ebtehaj, A. (2022). A Deep Learning Architecture for Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrievals using CloudSat and GPM Data. arXiv:2212.02236v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  64. [R064] Rahman, M. (2026). Physically Interpretable AlphaEarth Foundation Model Embeddings Enable LLM-Based Land Surface Intelligence. arXiv:2602.10354v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  65. [R065] Raissi, M.; Perdikaris, P.; Karniadakis, G. E. (2017). Physics Informed Deep Learning (Part I): Data-driven Solutions of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. arXiv:1711.10561v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  66. [R066] Ramseyer, C. A.; Miller, P. W. (2023). Atmospheric Flash Drought in the Caribbean. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 24(12), 2177-2189. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  67. [R067] Rasp, S.; Pritchard, M. S.; Gentine, P. (2018). Deep learning to represent subgrid processes in climate models. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(39), 9684-9689. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  68. [R068] Rasp, S.; Babenko, B.; Masters, D.; El-Kadi, A.; Merchant, S.; Shalev, G.; Price, I.; Zyda, F.; Lam, R.; Shysheya, S.; Willson, M.; Markou, S.; Agrawal, S.; Vora, S.; Hassen, M. A.; Mak, S.; Andersson, T. R.; Bela, M.; Uddin, A.; Levi, N. P.; Gaiarin, B.; Alet, F.; Bell, A.; Battaglia, P.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, A. (2026). WeatherNext 3: Increasing resolution and performance of global weather models with raw observations. arXiv:2609.03582v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  69. [R069] Shukla, K.; Jagtap, A. D.; Karniadakis, G. E. (2021). Parallel physics-informed neural networks via domain decomposition. Journal of Computational Physics, 447, 110683. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  70. [R070] Sobel, A. H.; Burleyson, C. D.; Yuter, S. E. (2011). Rain on small tropical islands. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(D8), D08102. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  71. [R071] Sobel, A. H.; Burleyson, C. D.; Yuter, S. E.; Biasutti, M. (2013). Correction to “Rain on small tropical islands”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(5), 2301-2302. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  72. [R072] Sun, X.; Zhong, X.; Xu, X.; Huang, Y.; Li, H.; Neelin, J. D.; Chen, D.; Feng, J.; Han, W.; Wu, L.; Qi, Y. (2025). A data-to-forecast machine learning system for global weather. Nature Communications, 16(1), 6658. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  73. [R073] Szwarcman, D.; Roy, S.; Fraccaro, P.; Gíslason, Þ. E.; Blumenstiel, B.; Ghosal, R.; de Oliveira, P. H.; Almeida, J. L. d. S.; Sedona, R.; Kang, Y.; Chakraborty, S.; Wang, S.; Gomes, C.; Kumar, A.; Truong, M.; Godwin, D.; Lee, H.; Hsu, C. Y.; Lal, R.; Asanjan, A. A.; Mujeci, B.; Shidham, D.; Keenan, T.; Arevalo, P.; Li, W.; Alemohammad, H.; Olofsson, P.; Hain, C.; Kennedy, R.; Zadrozny, B.; Bell, D.; Cavallaro, G.; Watson, C.; Maskey, M.; Ramachandran, R.; Moreno, J. B. (2024). Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications. arXiv:2412.02732v3 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  74. [R074] Tao, Y.; Gao, X.; Hsu, K.; Sorooshian, S.; Ihler, A. (2016). A Deep Neural Network Modeling Framework to Reduce Bias in Satellite Precipitation Products. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 17(3), 931-945. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  75. [R075] Tasim, A.; Sun, W. (2026). Physics Informed Reconstruction of Four-Dimensional Atmospheric Wind Fields Using Multi-UAS Swarm Observations in a Synthetic Turbulent Environment. arXiv:2601.22111 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  76. [R076] Taylor, M. A.; Enfield, D. B.; Chen, A. A. (2002). Influence of the tropical Atlantic versus the tropical Pacific on Caribbean rainfall. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 107(C9). Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  77. [R077] Tebaldi, C.; Selin, N. E.; Ferrari, R.; Flierl, G. (2025). Emulators of climate model output. ESS Open Archive [preprint posted 14 May 2025]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  78. [R078] Trémolet, Y. (2006). Accounting for an imperfect model in 4D‐Var. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 132(621), 2483-2504. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  79. [R079] van der Meer, M.; de Roda Husman, S.; Lhermitte, S. (2023). Deep Learning Regional Climate Model Emulators: A Comparison of Two Downscaling Training Frameworks. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15(6), e2022MS003593. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  80. [R080] Vandal, T.; Kodra, E.; Ganguly, S.; Michaelis, A.; Nemani, R.; Ganguly, A. R. (2017). DeepSD: Generating High Resolution Climate Change Projections through Single Image Super-Resolution. arXiv:1703.03126v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  81. [R081] Wang, S.; Teng, Y.; Perdikaris, P. (2020). Understanding and mitigating gradient pathologies in physics-informed neural networks. arXiv:2001.04536v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  82. [R082] Watt-Meyer, O.; Dresdner, G.; McGibbon, J.; Clark, S. K.; Henn, B.; Duncan, J.; Brenowitz, N. D.; Kashinath, K.; Pritchard, M. S.; Bonev, B.; Peters, M. E.; Bretherton, C. S. (2023). ACE: A fast, skillful learned global atmospheric model for climate prediction. arXiv:2310.02074v2 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  83. [R083] Watt-Meyer, O.; Henn, B.; McGibbon, J.; Clark, S. K.; Kwa, A.; Perkins, W. A.; Wu, E.; Harris, L.; Bretherton, C. S. (2024). ACE2: Accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability and forced responses. arXiv:2411.11268v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  84. [R084] White, S.; Silva, T.; Amoudry, L. O.; Spyrakos, E.; Martin, A.; Medina-Lopez, E. (2024). The colours of the ocean: using multispectral satellite imagery to estimate sea surface temperature and salinity on global coastal areas, the Gulf of Mexico and the UK. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1426547. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  85. [R085] Xu, J.; Zhang, F.; Jiang, H.; Hu, H.; Zhong, K.; Jing, W.; Yang, J.; Jia, B. (2020). Downscaling Aster Land Surface Temperature over Urban Areas with Machine Learning-Based Area-To-Point Regression Kriging. Remote Sensing, 12(7), 1082. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  86. [R086] Zanna, L.; Gregory, W.; Perezhogin, P.; Sane, A.; Zhang, C.; Adcroft, A.; Bushuk, M.; Fernandez-Granda, C.; Reichl, B.; Balwada, D.; Busecke, J.; Chapman, W.; Connolly, A.; Du, D.; Everard, K.; Falasca, F.; Falga, R.; Kamm, D.; Meunier, E.; Liu, Q.; Nasser, A.; Pudig, M.; Shao, A.; Simpson, J. L.; Vogt, L.; Wu, J. (2025). A Framework for Hybrid Physics-AI Coupled Ocean Models. arXiv:2510.22676v1 [preprint]. Source ↗Included in the revised doctoral literature review; full-text and identity checks vary by source
  87. [R087] Almazroui, M., Islam, M.N., Saeed, F., et al. (2021). Projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the US, Central America, and the Caribbean in CMIP6 GCMs. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  88. [R088] Anderson, B.D.O. (1982). Reverse-time diffusion equation models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  89. [R089] Avila-Diaz, A., Benezoli, V., Justino, F., et al. (2020). Assessing current and future trends of climate extremes across Brazil. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  90. [R090] Balaji, V., Couvreux, F., Deshayes, J., et al. (2022). Are general circulation models obsolete?. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  91. [R091] Bassetti, S., Hutchinson, B., Tebaldi, C., Kravitz, B. (2024). DiffESM: Conditional emulation of temperature and precipitation in ESMs with 3D diffusion models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  92. [R092] Beck, H.E., Wood, E.F., Pan, M., et al. (2019). MSWEP v2 global 3-hourly 0.1 degree precipitation. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  93. [R093] Beucler, T., Pritchard, M., Rasp, S., et al. (2021). Enforcing analytic constraints in neural networks emulating physical systems. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  94. [R094] Beucler, T., Gentine, P., Yuval, J., et al. (2024). Climate-invariant machine learning. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  95. [R095] Bi, K., Xie, L., Zhang, H., et al. (2023). Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  96. [R096] Cachay, S.R., Henn, B., Watt-Meyer, O., et al. (2024). Probabilistic emulation of a global climate model with spherical DYffusion. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  97. [R097] Cai, S., Mao, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2021). Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for fluid mechanics: a review. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  98. [R098] Campbell, J.D., Taylor, M.A., Stephenson, T.S., et al. (2011). Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  99. [R099] Centella-Artola, A., Bezanilla-Morlot, A., Taylor, M.A., et al. (2020). Evaluation of sixteen gridded precipitation datasets over the Caribbean. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  100. [R100] Chen, R.T.Q., Rubanova, Y., Bettencourt, J., Duvenaud, D. (2018). Neural ordinary differential equations. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  101. [R101] Cook, K.H. and Vizy, E.K. (2010). Hydrodynamics of the Caribbean low-level jet and its relationship to precipitation. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  102. [R102] Cuomo, S., Di Cola, V.S., Giampaolo, F., et al. (2022). Scientific machine learning through physics-informed neural networks. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  103. [R103] Danabasoglu, G., Lamarque, J.F., Bacmeister, J., et al. (2020). The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  104. [R104] Dhariwal, P. and Nichol, A.Q. (2021). Diffusion models beat GANs on image synthesis. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  105. [R105] Duran-Quesada, A.M., Gimeno, L., Amador, J. (2017). Role of moisture transport for Central American precipitation. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  106. [R106] ECLAC (2011). Assessment of economic impact of climate change on transportation in the Caribbean. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  107. [R107] Enfield, D.B. and Alfaro, E.J. (1999). Dependence of Caribbean rainfall on the interaction of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  108. [R108] Eyring, V., Bony, S., Meehl, G.A., et al. (2016). Overview of CMIP6 experimental design and organization. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  109. [R109] Gamble, D.W. and Curtis, S. (2008). Caribbean precipitation: review, model and prospect. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  110. [R110] Gao, Z., Shi, X., Wang, H., et al. (2024). Prediff: Precipitation nowcasting with latent diffusion models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  111. [R111] Giannini, A., Kushnir, Y., Cane, M.A. (2000). Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  112. [R112] Giorgi, F., Jones, C., Asrar, G. (2009). Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  113. [R113] Goldenberg, S.B., Landsea, C.W., Mestas-Nunez, A.M., Gray, W.M. (2001). The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: causes and implications. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  114. [R114] Gray, W.M. (1984). Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency. Part I: El Nino and 30 mb QBO influences. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  115. [R115] Greydanus, S., Dzamba, M., Yosinski, J. (2019). Hamiltonian neural networks. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  116. [R116] Hartin, C.A., Patel, P., Schwarber, A., et al. (2015). Hector v1.0: a simple object-oriented climate model. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  117. [R117] He, Q., Barajas-Solano, D., Tartakovsky, G., Tartakovsky, A.M. (2020). Physics-informed neural networks for multiphysics data assimilation. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  118. [R118] Herger, N., Sanderson, B.M., Knutti, R. (2015). Improved pattern scaling approaches for climate impact studies. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  119. [R119] Herrera, D.A., Ault, T.R., Fasullo, J.T., et al. (2020). Projected hydroclimate changes on Hispaniola Island in CMIP6 models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  120. [R120] Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., et al. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  121. [R121] Ho, J., Jain, A., Abbeel, P. (2020). Denoising diffusion probabilistic models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  122. [R122] Holton, J.R. and Hakim, G.J. (2013). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 5th edn. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  123. [R123] Jury, M.R. and Bernard, D. (2020). Climate trends in the east Antilles islands. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  124. [R124] Karmalkar, A.V., Taylor, M.A., Campbell, J., et al. (2013). A review of observed and projected changes in climate for the islands in the Caribbean. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  125. [R125] Karras, T., Aittala, M., Aila, T., Laine, S. (2022). Elucidating the design space of diffusion-based generative models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  126. [R126] Kashinath, K., Mustafa, M., Albert, A., et al. (2021). Physics-informed ML: case studies for weather and climate modelling. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  127. [R127] Klotzbach, P.J. (2011). ENSO impact on Atlantic basin hurricanes and US landfalls. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  128. [R128] Kochkov, D., Yuval, J., Langmore, I., et al. (2024). Neural general circulation models for weather and climate. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  129. [R129] Lam, R., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A., Willson, M., et al. (2023). Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  130. [R130] Leinonen, J., Hamann, U., Nerini, D., et al. (2023). Latent diffusion models for generative precipitation nowcasting. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  131. [R131] Lewsey, C., Cid, G., Kruse, E. (2004). Assessing climate change impacts on coastal infrastructure in the Eastern Caribbean. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  132. [R132] Li, L., Carver, R., Lopez-Gomez, I., et al. (2024). Generative emulation of weather forecast ensembles with diffusion models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  133. [R133] Li, Z., Kovachki, N., Azizzadenesheli, K., et al. (2021). Fourier neural operator for parametric partial differential equations. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  134. [R134] Loshchilov, I. and Hutter, F. (2019). Decoupled weight decay regularization. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  135. [R135] Lu, L., Jin, P., Pang, G., et al. (2021). Learning nonlinear operators via DeepONet. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  136. [R136] Magana, V., Amador, J.A., Medina, S. (1999). The midsummer drought over Mexico and Central America. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  137. [R137] Mansfield, L.A., Nowack, P.J., Kasoar, M., et al. (2020). Predicting global patterns of long-term climate change from short-term simulations. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  138. [R138] Mardani, M., Brenowitz, N., Cohen, Y., et al. (2024). Residual corrective diffusion modeling for km-scale atmospheric downscaling. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  139. [R139] Martinez-Castro, D., Centella-Artola, A., Bezanilla-Morlot, A., Taylor, M.A. (2024). Drivers of Caribbean precipitation change due to global warming. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  140. [R140] McLean, N.M., Stephenson, T.S., Taylor, M.A., Campbell, J.D. (2021). Generating projections for the Caribbean at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5C. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  141. [R141] Meinshausen, M., Raper, S.C.B., Wigley, T.M.L. (2011). Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with MAGICC6. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  142. [R142] Munoz, E., Busalacchi, A.J., Nigam, S., Ruiz-Barradas, A. (2008). Winter and summer structure of the Caribbean low-level jet. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  143. [R143] Nastrom, G.D. and Gage, K.S. (1985). Climatology of atmospheric wavenumber spectra of wind and temperature. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  144. [R144] Nguyen, T., Brandstetter, J., Kapoor, A., et al. (2023). ClimaX: a foundation model for weather and climate. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  145. [R145] Nichol, A.Q. and Dhariwal, P. (2021). Improved denoising diffusion probabilistic models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  146. [R146] Nurse, L.A., McLean, R.F., Agard, J., et al. (2014). Small islands (IPCC AR5 WGII Ch. 29). Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  147. [R147] Pathak, J., Subramanian, S., Harrington, P., et al. (2022). FourCastNet: a global data-driven high-resolution weather forecasting model. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  148. [R148] Price, I., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A., Alet, F., et al. (2024). Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  149. [R149] Raissi, M., Perdikaris, P., Karniadakis, G.E. (2019). Physics-informed neural networks. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  150. [R150] Rasp, S., Dueben, P.D., Scher, S., et al. (2020). WeatherBench: a benchmark for data-driven weather forecasting. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  151. [R151] Rasp, S., Hoyer, S., Merose, A., et al. (2023). WeatherBench 2. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  152. [R152] Ravuri, S., Lenc, K., Willson, M., et al. (2021). Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  153. [R153] Rayner, N.A., Parker, D.E., Horton, E.B., et al. (2003). Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  154. [R154] Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T. (2015). U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  155. [R155] Ryu, J.H. and Hayhoe, K. (2014). Understanding Caribbean precipitation biases in CMIP3 and CMIP5. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  156. [R156] Satoh, M. (2004). Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  157. [R157] Satoh, M., Stevens, B., Judt, F., et al. (2019). Global cloud-resolving models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  158. [R158] Smith, C.J., Forster, P.M., Allen, M., et al. (2018). FAIR v1.3: a simple emissions-based climate model. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  159. [R159] Sohl-Dickstein, J., Weiss, E., Maheswaranathan, N., Ganguli, S. (2015). Deep unsupervised learning using nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  160. [R160] Song, J., Meng, C., Ermon, S. (2020). Denoising diffusion implicit models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  161. [R161] Song, Y. and Ermon, S. (2019). Generative modeling by estimating gradients of the data distribution. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  162. [R162] Song, Y., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Kingma, D.P., et al. (2021). Score-based generative modeling through stochastic differential equations. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  163. [R163] Taylor, M.A., Enfield, D.B., Chen, A.A. (2002). Influence of the tropical Atlantic versus the tropical Pacific on Caribbean rainfall. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  164. [R164] Taylor, M.A., Stephenson, T.S., Owino, A., et al. (2011). Tropical gradient influences on Caribbean rainfall. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  165. [R165] Taylor, M.A., Centella, A., Charlery, J., et al. (2013). The PRECIS Caribbean story: lessons and legacies. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  166. [R166] Taylor, M.A., Clarke, L.A., Centella, A., et al. (2018). Future Caribbean climates in a world of rising temperatures: the 1.5 vs 2.0 dilemma. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  167. [R167] Tebaldi, C. and Arblaster, J.M. (2014). Pattern scaling: its strengths and limitations. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  168. [R168] Tebaldi, C., Debeire, K., Eyring, V., et al. (2021). Climate model projections from ScenarioMIP of CMIP6. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  169. [R169] Verma, Y., Heinonen, M., Garg, V. (2024). ClimODE: climate and weather forecasting with physics-informed neural ODEs. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  170. [R170] Vincent, P. (2011). A connection between score matching and denoising autoencoders. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  171. [R171] Wang, C. (2007). Variability of the Caribbean low-level jet and its relations to climate. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  172. [R172] Wang, C. and Enfield, D.B. (2001). The tropical Western Hemisphere warm pool. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  173. [R173] Wang, C., Enfield, D.B., Lee, S.K., Landsea, C.W. (2006). Influences of the Atlantic warm pool on Western Hemisphere summer rainfall. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  174. [R174] Watson-Parris, D., Rao, Y., Olivie, D., et al. (2022). ClimateBench v1.0: a benchmark for data-driven climate projections. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  175. [R175] Watt-Meyer, O., Brenowitz, N.D., Clark, S.K., et al. (2024). ACE2: Accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  176. [R176] Weyn, J.A., Durran, D.R., Caruana, R., Cresswell-Clay, N. (2021). Sub-seasonal forecasting with a large ensemble of deep-learning weather prediction models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  177. [R177] Zucker, S., Batenkov, D., Segal Rozenhaimer, M. (2024). Physics-informed neural networks for modeling atmospheric radiative transfer. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  178. [R178] Sha, Y., Schreck, J.S., Chapman, W., Gagne, D.J. (2025). Improving AI weather prediction models using global mass and energy conservation schemes. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  179. [R179] Lai, C.Y., Hassanzadeh, P., Sheshadri, A., et al. (2024). Machine learning for climate physics and simulations. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  180. [R180] Brunton, S.L., Proctor, J.L., Kutz, J.N. (2016). Discovering governing equations from data by sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  181. [R181] Goodfellow, I.J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., et al. (2020). Generative adversarial networks. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  182. [R182] IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (AR6 WGI). Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  183. [R183] Keisler, R. (2022). Forecasting global weather with graph neural networks. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  184. [R184] Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., et al. (2017). Attention is all you need. Source ↗Candidate equivalent; use the matched record access status and verify equivalence
  185. [R185] Rodriguez-Vera, G., Romero-Centeno, R., Castro, C.L., Castro, V.M. (2019). Coupled interannual variability of wind and SST in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  186. [R186] Ortega, G., Arias, P.A., Villegas, J.C., et al. (2021). Present-day and future climate of South America according to CMIP5/CMIP6 models. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  187. [R187] [Update Author] (2025). Machine Learning in Climate Downscaling: A Critical Review of Methodologies, Persistent Challenges, and Future Trajectories. Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
  188. [R188] Google DeepMind (2026). WeatherNext: AI model achieves breakthrough in forecasting cyclones. Source ↗Inherited bibliography only; not newly full-text appraised
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